Based on What You Know About the Function of the Nephron, Why Should Urine Be Free of Blood Cells?
On this page:
- What is high blood pressure?
- What are the kidneys and what do they practise?
- How does high blood pressure affect the kidneys?
- How common are loftier blood pressure and kidney disease?
- Who is more probable to take high blood pressure level or kidney affliction?
- What are the symptoms of high claret pressure and kidney disease?
- How practise wellness care professionals diagnose high blood pressure and kidney affliction?
- How can I forestall or slow the progression of kidney disease from high blood pressure?
- How does eating, nutrition, and diet affect high claret pressure and kidney illness?
- Clinical Trials for Kidney Disease
What is high blood pressure level?
Claret pressure level is the force of blood pushing confronting blood vessel walls equally your middle pumps out blood. Loftier claret force per unit area, too chosen hypertension, is an increase in the amount of force that blood places on blood vessels as it moves through the body.
What are the kidneys and what do they practise?
Healthy kidneys filter most a half loving cup of claret every minute, removing wastes and actress h2o to make urine. The urine flows from each kidney to the float through a pair of thin tubes called ureters, one on each side of your float. Your bladder stores urine. Your kidneys, ureters, and bladder are role of your urinary tract system.
How does high blood pressure affect the kidneys
High blood pressure can constrict and narrow the blood vessels, which eventually amercement and weakens them throughout the body, including in the kidneys. The narrowing reduces blood catamenia.
If your kidneys' claret vessels are damaged, they may no longer work properly. When this happens, the kidneys are not able to remove all wastes and extra fluid from your body. Extra fluid in the blood vessels can raise your blood pressure level fifty-fifty more, creating a dangerous cycle, and cause more than harm leading to kidney failure.
How common are high blood pressure and kidney disease?
Most 1 in 2 U.S. adults—or about 108 meg people—accept loftier blood pressure.one
More than 1 in 7 U.S. adults—or about 37 million people—may accept chronic kidney illness (CKD).ii
High blood pressure is the second leading cause of kidney failure in the The states later on diabetes, as illustrated in Figure 1.two
Nigh ane in 2 U.S. adults—or about 108 million people—have loftier claret force per unit area.
Who is more probable to have high blood pressure or kidney illness?
High blood pressure
You are more likely to have high blood pressure if you
- are older. Blood pressures tends to increase with age. Our blood vessels naturally thicken and stiffen over time.
- have family unit members with high blood pressure. Loftier blood pressure tends to run in families.
- take unhealthy lifestyle habits. Unhealthy habits such as eating too much sodium (salt), drinking too many alcoholic beverages, or non being physically agile can increment your risk of loftier blood pressure.
- are African American. Loftier blood pressure is more common in African American adults than in Caucasian, Hispanic, or Asian adults.
- are male.Men are more likely to develop high claret pressure level before age 55; women are more likely to develop it afterwards age 55.
Kidney affliction
In addition to high blood pressure, other factors that increase your risk of kidney disease are
- diabetes
- a family history of kidney failure
- race or ethnicity—African Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians tend to have a greater risk for CKD
High blood pressure level can be both a crusade and a result of kidney disease.
What are the symptoms of high blood pressure and kidney disease?
Virtually people with high claret pressure do non have symptoms. In rare cases, high blood force per unit area can crusade headaches.
Early CKD besides may not take symptoms. Every bit kidney disease gets worse, some people may have swelling, called edema. Edema happens when the kidneys cannot go rid of actress fluid and salt. Edema can occur in the legs, feet, ankles, or—less often—in the hands or face up.
Symptoms of avant-garde kidney illness can include
- loss of appetite, nausea, or vomiting
- drowsiness, feeling tired, or sleep bug
- headaches or trouble concentrating
- increased or decreased urination
- generalized itching or numbness, dry skin, or darkened skin
- weight loss
- muscle cramps
- chest pain or shortness of breath
How do health care professionals diagnose high claret pressure and kidney affliction?
High blood pressure
Blood pressure level test results are written with the two numbers separated by a slash. The acme number is called the systolic pressure and represents the force per unit area equally the centre beats and pushes blood through the claret vessels. The bottom number is called the diastolic pressure and represents the force per unit area as blood vessels relax betwixt heartbeats.
Your health intendance professional person volition diagnose you lot with high blood force per unit area if your blood force per unit area readings are consistently higher than 130/fourscore when tested repeatedly in a health care office.
Health care professionals measure blood pressure with a claret pressure cuff. Yous can also buy a blood force per unit area cuff to monitor your claret pressure at home.
Kidney disease
To bank check for kidney affliction, health care professionals use
- a blood exam that checks how well your kidneys are filtering your blood, called GFR, which stands for glomerular filtration rate.
- a urine test to check for albumin. Albumin is a protein that can pass into the urine when the kidneys are damaged.
If you have kidney disease, your health care professional volition use the aforementioned ii tests to monitor your kidney illness.
How tin can I forestall or slow the progression of kidney disease from high blood pressure?
The best manner to slow or prevent kidney affliction from high blood pressure level is to take steps to lower your blood pressure. These steps include a combination of medicines and lifestyle changes, such as
- existence physically active
- maintaining a salubrious weight
- quitting smoking
- managing stress
- following a healthy diet, including less sodium (salt) intake
No affair what the cause of your kidney disease, high blood pressure can make your kidneys worse. If you have kidney disease, you should talk with your health care professional person about your private blood force per unit area goals and how often you lot should have your claret pressure checked.
Medicines
Medicines that lower blood force per unit area can besides significantly slow the progression of kidney affliction. Two types of blood pressure-lowering medications, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), may be constructive in slowing the progression of kidney disease.
Many people crave two or more than medications to control their claret pressure. In addition to an ACE inhibitor or an ARB, a health care professional person may prescribe a diuretic—a medication that helps the kidneys remove fluid from the claret—or other blood pressure medications.
Concrete activity
Regular physical activeness can lower your blood pressure and reduce your chances of other health issues.
Aim for at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity. These activities make your heart beat faster and may cause you to breathe harder. Start by trying to exist agile for at least ten minutes at a time without breaks. Yous can count each 10-minute segment of activeness toward your concrete activity goal. Aerobic activities include
- biking (Don't forget the helmet.)
- swimming
- brisk walking
- wheeling yourself in a wheelchair or engaging in activities that volition support you such equally chair aerobics
If you have concerns, a health intendance professional can provide information about how much and what kinds of activity are prophylactic for y'all.
Body weight
If you are overweight or accept obesity, aim to reduce your weight by vii to ten pct during the showtime year of treatment for high blood force per unit area. This amount of weight loss tin can lower your risk of developing health problems related to loftier blood pressure.
Body Mass Alphabetize (BMI) is the tool well-nigh commonly used to estimate and screen for overweight and obesity in adults. BMI is a measure based on your weight in relation to your height. Your BMI can tell if you are at a normal or healthy weight, are overweight, or have obesity.
- Normal or healthy weight. A person with a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is in the normal or good for you range.
- Overweight. A person with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight.
- Obesity. A person with a BMI of 30 to 39.9 is considered to take obesity.
- Farthermost obesity. A person with a BMI of 40 or greater is considered to have extreme obesity.
Your goal should be a BMI lower than 25 to help continue your blood pressure under control.3
Smoking
If you smoke, yous should quit. Smoking can harm blood vessels, heighten the gamble of developing high blood pressure, and worsen health issues related to loftier blood pressure.
If you have high blood pressure level, talk with your health intendance professional nigh programs and products to assistance you quit smoking.
Stress
Learning how to manage stress, relax, and cope with problems can improve your emotional and physical wellness. Some activities that may help y'all reduce stress include
- being physically active
- practicing yoga or tai chi
- listening to music
- focusing on something calm or peaceful
- meditating
How does eating, diet, and diet impact high blood force per unit area and kidney illness?
Following a salubrious eating plan can assist lower your blood pressure level. Reducing the amount of sodium in your diet is an of import function of any good for you eating program. Your wellness intendance professional may recommend the Dietary Approaches to End Hypertension (Nuance) eating programme. Nuance focuses on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and other foods that are healthy for your heart and lower in sodium, which oft comes from salt. The DASH eating programme
- is low in fat and cholesterol
- features fatty-gratis or depression-fat milk and dairy products, fish, poultry, and nuts
- suggests less red meat, sweets, added sugars, and carbohydrate-containing beverages
- is rich in nutrients, protein, and cobweb
A registered dietitian can assistance tailor your diet to your kidney illness. If you have congestive heart failure or edema, a diet depression in sodium intake tin can help reduce edema and lower blood pressure. Reducing saturated fat and cholesterol tin aid command high levels of lipids, or fats, in the blood.
People with advanced kidney disease should speak with their health care professional about their diet.
What should I avoid eating if I have high claret pressure or kidney disease?
If you lot have kidney disease, avoid foods and beverages that are loftier in sodium.
Additional steps you can have to run across your blood pressure goals may include eating heart-healthy and low-sodium meals, quitting smoking, being active, getting plenty sleep, and taking your medicines every bit prescribed. You should also limit alcoholic drinks—no more two per day for men and one per day for women—because consuming too many alcoholic beverages raises blood pressure.
In add-on, a health care professional may recommend that yous consume moderate or reduced amounts of poly peptide.
Proteins break down into waste products that the kidneys filter from the claret. Eating more than protein than your body needs may burden your kidneys and crusade kidney function to decline faster. However, eating too little protein may pb to malnutrition, a condition that occurs when the trunk does not get enough nutrients.
If you lot accept kidney affliction and are on a restricted protein nutrition, a wellness care professional volition use blood tests to monitor your nutrient levels.
Clinical Trials for Kidney Affliction
The NIDDK conducts and supports clinical trials in many diseases and weather condition, including kidney diseases. The trials look to find new ways to prevent, discover, or care for disease and meliorate quality of life.
What are clinical trials for high claret pressure level and kidney disease?
Clinical trials—and other types of clinical studies—are part of medical enquiry and involve people like you. When you volunteer to take function in a clinical study, you help doctors and researchers learn more about disease and amend health treat people in the future.
Researchers are studying many aspects of high blood pressure and kidney disease, such as
- managing high blood pressure through diet, education, and counseling in patients with kidney affliction
- testing new medications to treat high claret pressure and kidney disease
Find out if clinical studies are right for you.
What clinical studies for high blood pressure level and kidney disease are looking for participants?
You lot tin can view a filtered list of clinical studies on high blood pressure and kidney disease that are federally funded, open, and recruiting at www.ClinicalTrials.gov. You tin can expand or narrow the listing to include clinical studies from industry, universities, and individuals; withal, the National Institutes of Wellness does non review these studies and cannot ensure they are safe. Always talk with your health intendance professional earlier you lot participate in a clinical study.
What have nosotros learned about loftier blood pressure and kidney illness from NIDDK-funded research?
The NIDDK has supported many research projects to learn more than about the effects of high blood pressure on kidney illness including identifying genes related to a cholesterol protein that causes African Americans to be at higher risk for kidney disease.
References
Source: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/high-blood-pressure
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